Group:  Group Name:               Properties:

1           Alkaline metals             Soft, highly reactive 

2           Alkaline earth metals     Light, reactive 

17         Nalogens                      Most reactive group

18         Noble metals                 Non gas, stable, rarly reacts

 

Electron Dot Diagrams:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Covalent Bonding: a non-metal and a non-metal sharing molacules. 

 

                              H   H   H

                              |   |   |

C3H8:                 H - C - C - C - H 

                              |   |   |   

                              H   H   H 

 

Single bonds share 1 pair of electrons (2)

double bonds share 2 pair of electrons (4)

tripple bonds share 3 pairs or electrons (6)

 

Diatomic Molecules: molecules that contain 2 identical molecules, cuch as a F2 and O2. seven elements exist as diatomic molecules in the gaseous state: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, florine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. ** HOFRBrINCN**

2H2O ----> 2H2 + O2

  4     2        4      2 

 

Naming Molecular Compounds:

#of atoms:     Prefix:

1                  mono**

2                  di**

3                  tri**

4                  tefra**

5                  penta**

6                  hexa**

7                  hepta

8                  octa

9                  nona

10                deca

if there is only 1 of the first elements in the molecule, the prefix "mono" is left out: 

Co2 is carbon dioxide

Co is carbon monoxide

No is nitrogen monoxide

N2o is dinotrogen monoxide

 

Stock System: 

Stock system: used if one of the elements has more than one valeme number. 

SF4------> Sulfur IV Floride

PiT3 -----> Phospherous III Hydride

P2O3 -----> Phospherous III oxide

1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 

I - II - III - IV - V - VI - VII - VIII - IX - X

** only when there is 2 different charges** 

 

Polyatomic Compounds:

Naming polynomic compounds: 

1) positive naming first

2) nagative ion naming second but ending is NOT charged. 

Na2SO4----> sodium sulfate

Ca(OH)2----> calcium hydroxide

 

Describing Chemical Reactions: 

1) word equations:

hydrogen+oxygen---> water+energy 

2) chemical equations:

H2+O2---> H2O+energy

 

Synthesis: 2 or more substances combind to make 1 substance 

Decomposition: on reactant breaks down inot 2 products

Single displacement: single element replaces another element. 

Double displacement: 2 compounds switch places to form new compounds> 

** puzzle peices**

 

What is better for the enviroment, Acid or base? 

an acid, bases are more dangerous. 

 

what are electrons, protons, neutrons?

proton- positive

neutron- neutral

electron- negative

 

Base: substance that, in queous solution, are slippery to the touch, tastes bitter. change the colour of indicators. reacts with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions, accept protons from any poor donor. pH level is more than 7.

 

Acid: chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste. ability to turn blue litmus red. pH level is less than 7.

 

\What happens when an acid and a base react?

cancel eachother out, produce a salt and a water

 

ionic bonds: complete transfer of calence electrons between atoms. 2 opositely charged ions.

 

covalent bonds: chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. 

 

Atomic number tells you... eg. that chlorine atoms have 17 protons, will also have 17 electrons.

 

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

ionic result when electrons are tranfered between atoms. covalent bonds result when valence electrons are shared between atoms.

 

What is the law of concervation of mass? 

matter can be changed from one form into another, mixtures can be seporated or made, pure substances can decompose, total amount of mass remains constant. 

 

Litnus + blue = Blue

Litnus + Base = Blue

 

Do metals gain or loose electrons?

Loose.